美國貿(mào)易代表辦公室啟動301條款調(diào)查中國半導體行業(yè)

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USTR Initiates Section 301 Investigation on China’s Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Targeting of the Semiconductor Industry for Dominance

December 23, 2024

WASHINGTON – United States Trade Representative Katherine Tai announced today the initiation of an investigation regarding China’s acts, policies, and practices related to targeting of the semiconductor industry for dominance. The investigation will be conducted under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended.

Evidence indicates that China seeks to dominate domestic and global markets in the semiconductor industry and undertakes extensive anticompetitive and non-market means, including setting and pursuing market share targets, to achieve indigenization and self-sufficiency. China’s acts, policies, and practices appear to have and to threaten detrimental impacts on the United States and other economies, undermining the competitiveness of American industry and workers, critical U.S. supply chains, and U.S. economic security.

“This investigation underscores the Biden-Harris Administration’s commitment to standing up for American workers and businesses, increasing the resilience of critical supply chains, and supporting the unparalleled investment being made in this industry,” said Ambassador Katherine Tai.

The investigation will initially focus on China’s manufacturing of foundational semiconductors (also known as legacy or mature node semiconductors), including to the extent that they are incorporated as components into downstream products for critical industries like defense, automotive, medical devices, aerospace, telecommunications, and power generation and the electrical grid. The investigation will also initially assess whether the impact of China’s acts, policies, and practices on the production of silicon carbide substrates (or other wafers used as inputs into semiconductor fabrication) contributes to any unreasonableness or discrimination or burden or restriction on U.S. commerce.

As explained in a formal notice, USTR will be seeking public comments and will hold a public hearing in connection with this investigation. A docket for comments regarding the investigation will open on January 6, 2025.

Background

Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended, (Trade Act) is designed to address unfair foreign practices affecting U.S. commerce. Section 301(b) may be used to respond to unreasonable or discriminatory foreign government practices that burden or restrict U.S. commerce. Under Section 302(b) of the Trade Act, the U.S. Trade Representative may self-initiate an investigation under Section 301.

The U.S. Trade Representative must seek consultations with the foreign government whose acts, policies, or practices are under investigation. USTR has requested consultations with China in connection with the investigation.

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以下為中文翻譯參考：
美國貿(mào)易代表辦公室啟動針對中國半導體行業(yè)主導地位行為的“301條款”調(diào)查
2024年12月23日

華盛頓——美國貿(mào)易代表戴琪（Katherine Tai）今日宣布，啟動針對中國在半導體行業(yè)主導地位相關(guān)行為、政策和做法的調(diào)查。該調(diào)查將依據(jù)修訂后的《1974年貿(mào)易法》第301條進行。
證據(jù)表明，中國試圖主導國內(nèi)和全球半導體市場，并通過廣泛的反競爭和非市場手段，包括制定和追求市場份額目標，推動本土化和自給自足。中國的這些行為、政策和做法已對美國及其他經(jīng)濟體造成并可能繼續(xù)構(gòu)成負面影響，削弱了美國工業(yè)和工人的競爭力、關(guān)鍵供應鏈的韌性以及美國的經(jīng)濟安全。
“此次調(diào)查體現(xiàn)了拜登-哈里斯政府致力于維護美國工人和企業(yè)利益、增強關(guān)鍵供應鏈韌性以及支持這一行業(yè)空前投資的承諾，”戴琪大使表示。
調(diào)查的初步重點將是中國制造的基礎(chǔ)性半導體（亦稱為傳統(tǒng)節(jié)點或成熟節(jié)點半導體），包括它們作為零部件被納入國防、汽車、醫(yī)療設(shè)備、航空航天、電信以及發(fā)電和電網(wǎng)等關(guān)鍵行業(yè)下游產(chǎn)品的情況。同時，調(diào)查還將初步評估中國的行為、政策和做法是否對碳化硅基板（或用于半導體制造的其他晶圓生產(chǎn)）造成影響，并是否因此對美國的商業(yè)構(gòu)成不合理或歧視性負擔或限制。
根據(jù)正式通知，美國貿(mào)易代表辦公室（USTR）將就此次調(diào)查征求公眾意見，并舉行一場公開聽證會。關(guān)于調(diào)查的意見提交渠道將于2025年1月6日開放。

背景信息
《1974年貿(mào)易法》第301條（經(jīng)修訂）旨在解決影響美國商業(yè)的外國不公平行為。根據(jù)第301條第(b)款，美國可針對不合理或歧視性外國政府行為進行回應，這些行為可能對美國商業(yè)造成負擔或限制。在《貿(mào)易法》第302條第(b)款下，美國貿(mào)易代表可自行啟動第301條調(diào)查。
美國貿(mào)易代表必須與涉及調(diào)查的外國政府就其行為、政策或做法展開磋商。USTR已請求與中國就此調(diào)查進行磋商。

（聲明：以上翻譯自USTR原文，不代表本站同意其觀點）